class Server implements Runnable {
    public void run() {
        try {
            ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(PORT);
        while (!Thread.interrupted())
            new Thread(new Handler(ss.accept())).start();
            // or, single-threaded, or a thread pool
        } catch (IOException ex) { }
    }
}
 
class Handler implements Runnable {
    final Socket socket;
    Handler(Socket s) { socket = s; }
    public void run() {
        try {
            byte[] input = new byte[MAX_INPUT];
            socket.getInputStream().read(input);
            byte[] output = process(input);
            socket.getOutputStream().write(output);
        } catch (IOException ex) { }
    }
    private byte[] process(byte[] cmd) { }
}

public class Client {
    String hostIp;
    int hostPort;

    public Client(String hostIp, int hostPort) {
        this.hostIp = hostIp;
        this.hostPort = hostPort;
    }

    public void runClient() throws IOException {
        Socket clientSocket = null;
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;

        try {
            clientSocket = new Socket(hostIp, hostPort);
            out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            System.err.println("Unknown host: " + hostIp);
            System.exit(1);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("Couldn't connect to: " + hostIp);
            System.exit(1);
        }

        BufferedReader stdIn = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        String userInput;

        System.out.println("Client connected to host : " + hostIp + " port: " + hostPort);
        System.out.println("Type (\"Bye\" to quit)");
        System.out.println("Tell what your name is to the Server.....");

        while ((userInput = stdIn.readLine()) != null) {

            out.println(userInput);

            // Break when client says Bye.
            if (userInput.equalsIgnoreCase("Bye"))
                break;

            System.out.println("Server says: " + in.readLine());
        }

        out.close();
        in.close();
        stdIn.close();
        clientSocket.close();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        Client client = new Client("127.0.0.1", 9900);
        client.runClient();
    }
}

public class Reactor implements Runnable {

    final Selector selector;
    final ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;
    final boolean isWithThreadPool;

    Reactor(int port, boolean isWithThreadPool) throws IOException {

        this.isWithThreadPool = isWithThreadPool;
        selector = Selector.open();
        serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
        serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        SelectionKey selectionKey0 = serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        selectionKey0.attach(new Acceptor());
    }


    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Server listening to port: " + serverSocketChannel.socket().getLocalPort());
        try {
            while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
                selector.select();
                Set selected = selector.selectedKeys();
                Iterator it = selected.iterator();
                while (it.hasNext()) {
                    dispatch((SelectionKey) (it.next()));
                }
                selected.clear();
            }
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    void dispatch(SelectionKey k) {
        Runnable r = (Runnable) (k.attachment());
        if (r != null) {
            r.run();
        }
    }

    class Acceptor implements Runnable {
        public void run() {
            try {
                SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
                if (socketChannel != null) {
                    if (isWithThreadPool)
                        new HandlerWithThreadPool(selector, socketChannel);
                    else
                        new Handler(selector, socketChannel);
                }
                System.out.println("Connection Accepted by Reactor");
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

public class Handler implements Runnable {

    final SocketChannel socketChannel;
    final SelectionKey selectionKey;
    ByteBuffer input = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
    static final int READING = 0, SENDING = 1;
    int state = READING;
    String clientName = "";

    Handler(Selector selector, SocketChannel c) throws IOException {
        socketChannel = c;
        c.configureBlocking(false);
        selectionKey = socketChannel.register(selector, 0);
        selectionKey.attach(this);
        selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        selector.wakeup();
    }


    public void run() {
        try {
            if (state == READING) {
                read();
            } else if (state == SENDING) {
                send();
            }
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    void read() throws IOException {
        int readCount = socketChannel.read(input);
        if (readCount > 0) {
            readProcess(readCount);
        }
        state = SENDING;
        // Interested in writing
        selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
    }

    /**
     * Processing of the read message. This only prints the message to stdOut.
     *
     * @param readCount
     */
    synchronized void readProcess(int readCount) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        input.flip();
        byte[] subStringBytes = new byte[readCount];
        byte[] array = input.array();
        System.arraycopy(array, 0, subStringBytes, 0, readCount);
        // Assuming ASCII (bad assumption but simplifies the example)
        sb.append(new String(subStringBytes));
        input.clear();
        clientName = sb.toString().trim();
    }

    void send() throws IOException {
        System.out.println("Saying hello to " + clientName);
        ByteBuffer output = ByteBuffer.wrap(("Hello " + clientName + "\n").getBytes());
        socketChannel.write(output);
        selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        state = READING;
    }
}

public class HandlerWithThreadPool extends Handler {

    static ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
    static final int PROCESSING = 2;

    public HandlerWithThreadPool(Selector sel, SocketChannel c) throws IOException {
        super(sel, c);
    }

    void read() throws IOException {
        int readCount = socketChannel.read(input);
        if (readCount > 0) {
            state = PROCESSING;
            pool.execute(new Processer(readCount));
        }
        // We are interested in writing back to the client soon after read processing is done.
        selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
    }

    // Start processing in a new Processer Thread and Hand off to the reactor thread.
    synchronized void processAndHandOff(int readCount) {
        readProcess(readCount);
        // Read processing done. Now the server is ready to send a message to the client.
        state = SENDING;
    }

    class Processer implements Runnable {
        int readCount;
        Processer(int readCount) {
            this.readCount =  readCount;
        }
        public void run() {
            processAndHandOff(readCount);
        }
    }
}

Selector selector = Selector.open();

channel.configureBlocking(false);

SelectionKey key = channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);

int interestSet = SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE

int interestSet = selectionKey.interestOps();

boolean isInterestedInAccept  = interestSet & SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT;
boolean isInterestedInConnect = interestSet & SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT;
boolean isInterestedInRead    = interestSet & SelectionKey.OP_READ;
boolean isInterestedInWrite   = interestSet & SelectionKey.OP_WRITE;

int readySet = SelectionKey.readyOps();

selectionKey.isAcceptable();
selectionKey.isConnectable();
selectionKey.isReadable();
selectionKey.isWritable();

Channel  channel  = selectionKey.channel();

Selector selector = selectionKey.selector(); 

selectionKey.attach(theObject);

Object attachedObj = selectionKey.attachment();

SelectionKey key = channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, theObject);

Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();

Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();

Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = selectedKeys.iterator();

while(keyIterator.hasNext()) {
    
    SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();

    if(key.isAcceptable()) {
        // a connection was accepted by a ServerSocketChannel.

    } else if (key.isConnectable()) {
        // a connection was established with a remote server.

    } else if (key.isReadable()) {
        // a channel is ready for reading

    } else if (key.isWritable()) {
        // a channel is ready for writing
    }

    keyIterator.remove();
}

ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();

serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(9999));

while(true) {
    SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();

    // do something with socketChannel...
}

ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();

serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(9999));
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

while(true){
    SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();

    if (socketChannel != null) {
        // do something with socketChannel...
    }
}

socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("http://naver.com", 80));

while(!socketChannel.finishConnect()) {
    // wait, or do something else...    
}

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class EchoServer {

    private static final String EXIT = "EXIT";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Selector selector = Selector.open();
        ServerSocketChannel serverSocket = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 3000));
        serverSocket.configureBlocking(false);
        serverSocket.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(256);

        while (true) {
            selector.select();
            Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
            Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selectedKeys.iterator();
            while (iter.hasNext()) {

                SelectionKey key = iter.next();

                if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                    register(selector, serverSocket);
                }

                if (key.isReadable()) {
                    answerWithEcho(buffer, key);
                }
                iter.remove();
            }
        }
    }

    private static void answerWithEcho(ByteBuffer buffer, SelectionKey key)
            throws IOException {

        SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
        client.read(buffer);
        if (new String(buffer.array()).trim().equals(EXIT)) {
            client.close();
            System.out.println("Not accepting client messages anymore");
        }

        buffer.flip();
        client.write(buffer);
        buffer.clear();
    }

    private static void register(Selector selector, ServerSocketChannel serverSocket)
            throws IOException {

        SocketChannel client = serverSocket.accept();
        client.configureBlocking(false);
        client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        System.out.println("new client connected...");
    }
}